Turbine



June 23,1931. A C, McGlN-ry 1,811,515

TURBINE Fild llarch 12. 1930 YPatented June 23, 1931 y UNITED `STATES PATENT OFFICE.

A KNTHONY C. MCGINTY, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA TURBINE g Application led March 12, 1930. Serial No. 435,222.

This invention relates to turbines, and has Referring to the drawings: for an object the provision of aturbine con- Figure lis a top plan view of a turbine emstruction which is an improvement over that bodying the principles of the present invendisclosed/in Patent No. 1,77 6,688, issued to tion. Portions of the figure are broken away me on September 16, 1930.v Y to reduce its size. ro

A more detailed object is the provision of Figure 2 is a side elevation taken in the a turbine in which particular attention has direction of the arrow 2 of Fig. 1, and with been paid to the arrangement of the vanes a portion of the housing broken away to betof the rotor, as well as the configuration of ter disclose the construction of the rotor. each vane, whereby a materially increased ef- Fig. 3 is a vertical, longitudinal sectional 55 v iciency of operation is attained. In greater View taken upon the line 3 3 of Fig. 1,

detail, this invention Vcontemplates the conwith the direction of view as indicated. struction of the vanes of a rotor turbine, in Fig. 4 is a vertical, transverse sectional such a manner that the steam or other nioview taken upon the line 1 4 of Fig. 2, with m tive fluid injected into the turbine housing, is the direction of view as indicated. co caused to exert rotational effort against the Fig. 5 is a vertical, transverse sectional vanes of the rotor for an increased period of view taken upon the line 5-5 of Fig. 2, with time, the purpose being to cause a given the direction of view as indicated. quantity of steam or the like, to form an in- Fig. 6 is an end elevation with the direction creased amount of useful work. y of view indicated b y the arrow 6 of Fig. 1. 65 A further objectris'to provide means in Specifically describing a preferred embodiconjunction with the rotorvanes, for compenment ofthe invention, the turbine comprises sating for the tendency toward throwing the an elongated tubular housing 11 suitably steam outwards by centrifugal force, and thus mounted upon a base 12 whereby the turbine overcoming one of the inherent deficiencies may be rigidly secured to any suitable sup- 70 of the conventional turbine design. porting structure. Adjacent each end of the A further object is to provide means for housing 11, a head 13 is positioned, this prefexcluding the motive iuid from the bearings erably being in the forni of a disc of suitable wherein the rotor shaft is journalled. metaltted nicely within the bore 14 of the K' A still further object is to provide a novel housing 11. Each of the heads 13 carries an 75 typ-@ 0f turbine CODSUCOII Whvlh vS @X- anti-friction bearing 16 through the expedient Ceedmgly Small and @Qmpmb and, yet Whlch of which a rotor shaft 17 is journalled axially 1S Capable 0f developng a rela'tlvely great of the housing 11, this shait extending prefpwer and of tuilmng .the ttor at relatlvely erably throughout the entire length of the r hlgh Speed the mtentlon bemgto make the housing 11 and beyond the after end 18 there- S uig; Psiclalgcplells fe urleaxln of. Inasmuch as the particular embodiment l W of the invention being described, has been demum horse power output 4for unit of weight. ,l .l n t. 7, n L The invention possesses other objects and Segu Pilmu Y -Or Vm 10H Salim@ a PTO' 40 'advantageous features, Some of which, with peller 19 is shown mounted upon the after end 35 those enumerated, will'be set forth in the 0f the Shft-7- following description of the inventions par- A CalJ 21.15 TG1ll0Vflb15-S9CllY-Gd to leach end yticular embodiment which is illustrated in 0f the hOUSmLT 111 )U0 DI'OG'C the HHl-fllCilOH 'the drawings accompanying and forming a bearings 16 from dust and the like. Howpart of the speciiication. ever, inspection of the bearings 16 may easily 00 be effected as a resultof the ready removability of the caps 21 Which are preferably retained in position through the expedient of a-bayonet joint 22 of Well-known design.

VA rotor 23 is'carried by the shaft 17 be'- tvveen the tvvo bearing heads 13; and inas-Y muchas live steam or other suitable motive fluid -is to be directed against the vanesY 24 of the rotor l23, I prefer to provide a plate 26 adjacent the inner face of each head 13, and mount thereon, a stuiing-box 27 through which the shaft17 extends.- Packing material 28 pressed tightly against the shaft 17 1 by means of glands 29 or their equivalent,

thus serves'to prevent the `escape of steamA from the rotor chamber 31, into either of the bearings 16, with the result that these stufling- L; boxes and associated parts prevent loss of energy as a result of leakage, and also prevent the deterioration of the bearings .16 which would otherwise occur. f

' V.The vanes 24 of the rotor 23 arerigid with` the shaft 17,'and extend between opposed end plates 32 and 33. Instead of emendingradially from the shaft 17 however, the vanes 24 are disposed substantially tangentially thereupon,`extending'from the outer surface'of the shaft substantially perpendicularly With respect to a radius dravvn from the line at which the vane intersects the periphery of the shaft, as bestshown upon Fig. 4. Moreover, each vane 24 extends rearwards from that side of the shaft to Which it is attached,

With respect to the direction of rotationy of the rotor 23,'With the result that each adjacent pair of vanes 24 cooperates to define a substantially Wedge-shaped pocket 34, the

. apex of which is on the surface of the shaft and points inthe direction of movement thereof, during rotation of therotor. These pockets serve `to catch the steam or other Inotive Huid, and transmit the maximum amount of energy from the moving steam to the rotor to effect rotation thereof. Y

' Each vane 24 includes a portion 36 Which Vextends substantially straight and parallel Withthe axis of the shaft 17, and also a slightly spiralled portion 37 which extends from the end of the' associated straight portion '36, Y

or trailing end 39`thereof, and the after endv vplate 33 is of slightly reduceddiameter, so as to permit escape of steam from the after ends 39 of .the vanes 24, into that portion 41 vof the rotor chamber 31 which is'between the after end plate 33 and the after packing plate 26. outlet valve 42 communicates with the portion 41 of the rotor chamber, to permit the escape of exhausted steam.

As best shown upon Fig. 4, the straight 'portion 36 of each vane 24, is corrugated or fiuted longitudinally thereof. These flutings 46 may extend into the spiral portions 37 of the vanes tion-37 of each vane 24, a pluralityy of de-l flectors48 Jare arranged.'lfhese defiectors are preferably substantially"U-shaped in crossfsectional configuration, opening toward that end 49 of the housing With which the steam "inlet 51 isasso'eiate.d.":r Moreover, each of the deflectors 48 is `disposed in' angularity yvjith the axis of the shaft 17,so thatfijt extends jupon the after vsurface ofthe associ-ated'vane 24,

inclines toward Vthe shaft 117 'and Yt'ovvalrd fthe trailing end'.39A of the vane.` The purpose of these .deflectors 48, isto vcatch the steamthat is moving along the vanes tovvard the exhaust, and. direct the steamftovva'rd* the *shaft-1 17;, thus overcoming the 'tendency for -the'stearn to be throtvnoutwardsby'centrifugal action.

Consequently, a greater percentage'ofy the'inherent energy of thestea'm is directed against vthe vanes'24 or 'thedeflectors 48, vvithga'eonsequent reduction" in the percentage foflthi's energy which -is expended 'against vthev inner surface of the-rotor chamber"31.- 'V- f The steam inlet .51 includes a manifold' 52 Which is lprovidedyvith aV suitable' coupling V5 3 for attaching an iinlet conduit thereto, Where'- by steam or other suit-able fluid under pressure, may be suppliedy to the-manifol'df52. The manifold 52 is rigidly mounted upon the housing 11,'by means -of av short length of tubing 54 vor its equivalent, Welded'or otherwise secured at one end to the housing 11 and lat the other end to the manifold 52.

A nozzle l56".,le'ads from the Vmanifold52 and enters the' 'housing l11 in rposition to ldirect fluid under pressure againstv the aftersides of the vanes 24, substantially midway be'- tvveen the ends of -thestraightfportions 36 f "1 thereof. Hence, the nozzle 56zenters the housing 11 at an angle With' a radius thereof, dravvnlfrom the point of-i'ntersecti'o'nl of the nozzle and'housing, asbest shown' upon Fig.; 4.

W'hen steam" or 4other suitable motive fluid lis supplied under pressure'to'thefmanifold 52,'it flows therethrough, and is directed at considerable velocity owing to.,` the "design of the nozzle 56, against" the after or7t railin,`g

faces ofthe vanes 24 at thestraight Aportions '36 thereof. Inasmuch as the'steam'or other fluidimpin'ge's Aagainst thevvane's at a'point offset from thev center" of the shaft 17, rota- Ytion'of the-rotor 23 is ,eected [The flutings 46 in the straight portions 36,5ha`ve thetendency to entrap the steam and thus develop a greater efficiency by converting a larger amount of the inherent energy thereof, into rotational energy. Moreover, as the steam leaves` the straight portions 36 and moves along the spiral portions 37, the fact that the trailing ends 39 of the vanes are behind the leading ends thereof, will compensate partially for the rotary movement of the steam within the housing, and thus also serve to increase the overall efficiency of my improved turbine.

As stated hereinabove, the deflectors 48 tend to work the steam inwards toward the shaft 17, and thus tend to overcome the movement of the steam away from the shaft 17, by centrifugal action. Obviously, the rotation of the rotor 23 effects similar rotation of the propeller .19, or whatever mechanism is coupled to the outer end of the shaft 17 to be driven thereby.

Thus it may be seen that I have developed an exceedingly compact turbine capable of Y operating with a high degree of efciency in converting the maximum amount of energy of the steam or other motive Huid, into mechanical energy. The compactness and lightness of this prime mover, results in its being particularly applicable to aviation service, inasmuch as it is capable of developing a relatively high horse power per unit of weight.

It is to be understood that the details of the invention as herein disclosed, are subject to alteration within the spirit or scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A turbine comprising a housing, a rotor revoluble therein and comprising a shaft journalled axially of said housing, a plurality of vanes rigid with and extending along said shaft, means for directing uid against said vanes adjacent one end of the rotor, and a plurality of delectors arranged on each vane and inclining toward said shaft and toward the other end of the rotor to direct said iuid inwards towards the axis of revolution of said rotor.

2. A turbine comprising a housing, a rotor revoluble therein and comprising a shaft journalled axially of said housing, a plurality of vanes rigid with and extending along said shaft, the ends of each vane being offset from each other about the axis of said shaft, means for directing fluid against said vanes, and a plurality of deiiectors arranged on each vane and inclining toward said shaft and toward that end of the vane which trails as the rotor turns to direct said iiuid inwards toward the axis of revolution of said rotor.

3. A turbine comprising a housing, a rotor revoluble therein and comprising a shaft journalled axially of said housing, a plurality of vanes rigid with and extending along said shaft, the ends of each vane being offset from each other about the axis of said shaft, each 

